With a sudden change to online instruction in 2020, assessment also had to change.  We explored the impact of this change on student assessments in general chemistry.

Using a description of sub-microscopic particles (e.g. molecules, ions) to explain macroscopic properties is a key principle in chemistry. We explored how both open-ended and closed-ended assessments can measure this skill.

Representations in chemistry are necessary to convey abstract information. We explored the use of differing representations in chemistry assessments on student success and equity.