Utility-value interventions are meant to promote students' perceived utility of the chemistry topics they were learning and growth mindset interventions promote a perception of adapting to challenges. We explored both of these interventions to promote student affect and achievement.

Students' goal orientations describes whether students measure their performance primarily against course metrics or the performance of others. We investigated chemistry students' goal orientation.

Students' chemistry self-concept describes their perceptions of their ability to succeed in chemistry. We explored the role of chemistry self-concept in student success.